Verkkothis review elucidates the mechanisms of major ninpt modalities and synthesizes evidence for their clinical potential across chronic pain populations. Verkkohere, the authors highlight how neuroinflammation in the nervous system is a key driver of chronic pain, and how targeting the key molecules involved. Verkkothe aim of this update is to describe the pathophysiology of chronic pain, incorporating the latest scientific data on neuroplasticity and neuroinflammation. Verkkoshe explains some of the new developments in pain treatment and why there’s hope for patients with chronic pain. What is the cause of chronic pain, at. Verkkotranslating this general neuroanatomical model of behaviour to chronic pain, it can be proposed that in chronic pain the dorsal anterior cingulate. Verkkounlike acute pain, which carries survival value, chronic pain might be best considered to be a disease, with treatment (eg, to be active despite the pain) and psychological.